clair031

Summary .   Transportation policy plays an important role in meeting the overall objective of the IPCC to limit warming of the long-term global average temperature.   It is challenging to reduce CO 2 emissions, or to decarbonize, the myriad sources involved in transporting people and goods, so that other solutions are being developed.   These include making vehicles powered by internal combustion engines more efficient, and migrating to the use of electric vehicles powered by electricity that has been generated using renewable technologies. States, nations and regions are approaching the problem of reducing emissions from transportation in different ways.   Some use market mechanisms and others use taxation, to put a price on carbon or on vehicles that burn fossil fuels.   Others issue regulations with efficiency goals that reduce the emission of CO 2 .   The European Union is the only jurisdiction that has created a comprehensive transportation roadmap ...

Summary .   The developing world generally has higher rates of population growth and economic development than do developed countries.   Energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of China and India , the most important examples of developing countries, have grown 4- to 6-fold from 1980 to 2009.   They are projected to continue growing rapidly in coming decades. To the extent that such development continues without constraint on emissions of greenhouse gases, the world risks exceeding the limit of an increase in worldwide average temperature of 2ºC agreed to by the nations of the world.   Warming worldwide temperatures bring with them increased occurrence of extreme weather events that cause high levels of physical and economic harms.   Instead of expanding use of fossil fuels, the nations of the world should agree on new measures to “decarbonize” energy production and limit greenhouse gas emissions, thereby constraining planetary temperature rise within the agree...